Saturated steam table (water and steam properties by pressure or temperature)
Enter a pressure (gauge or absolute) or a temperature to get the saturation temperature or pressure, specific volumes, enthalpies (h_f, h_fg, h_g) and entropies straight from IAPWS-IF97. Tables at the pressure and temperature steps most often looked up follow below.
Saturated steam table by pressure (0 to 20 bar gauge)
Calculated at absolute pressure, i.e. gauge plus standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa. f is saturated liquid, g is saturated vapor and fg is evaporation (g − f). The bold row is atmospheric pressure (0 bar(G)). Scroll sideways if the table is wide.
| Gauge bar(G) | Absolute kPa | Sat. temp. °C | vf m³/kg | vg m³/kg | hf kJ/kg | hfg kJ/kg | hg kJ/kg | sf kJ/(kg·K) | sg kJ/(kg·K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 101.33 | 99.97 | 0.0010434 | 1.6733 | 419.0 | 2,256.5 | 2,675.5 | 1.3067 | 7.3544 |
| 0.5 | 151.33 | 111.61 | 0.0010529 | 1.1499 | 468.2 | 2,225.3 | 2,693.5 | 1.4365 | 7.2200 |
| 1 | 201.33 | 120.42 | 0.0010607 | 0.88028 | 505.6 | 2,201.0 | 2,706.5 | 1.5324 | 7.1247 |
| 1.5 | 251.33 | 127.59 | 0.0010674 | 0.71515 | 536.1 | 2,180.7 | 2,716.7 | 1.6091 | 7.0506 |
| 2 | 301.33 | 133.68 | 0.0010733 | 0.60329 | 562.1 | 2,163.0 | 2,725.1 | 1.6733 | 6.9901 |
| 2.5 | 351.33 | 138.99 | 0.0010787 | 0.52234 | 584.9 | 2,147.3 | 2,732.1 | 1.7288 | 6.9388 |
| 3 | 401.33 | 143.73 | 0.0010837 | 0.46096 | 605.2 | 2,133.0 | 2,738.2 | 1.7778 | 6.8943 |
| 3.5 | 451.33 | 148.02 | 0.0010883 | 0.41276 | 623.7 | 2,119.8 | 2,743.5 | 1.8217 | 6.8550 |
| 4 | 501.33 | 151.94 | 0.0010927 | 0.37387 | 640.6 | 2,107.6 | 2,748.2 | 1.8616 | 6.8197 |
| 4.5 | 551.33 | 155.55 | 0.0010968 | 0.34181 | 656.3 | 2,096.2 | 2,752.4 | 1.8982 | 6.7877 |
| 5 | 601.33 | 158.92 | 0.0011007 | 0.31492 | 670.9 | 2,085.4 | 2,756.2 | 1.9320 | 6.7584 |
| 6 | 701.33 | 165.03 | 0.0011081 | 0.27228 | 697.5 | 2,065.4 | 2,762.8 | 1.9928 | 6.7063 |
| 7 | 801.33 | 170.48 | 0.0011149 | 0.23995 | 721.3 | 2,047.1 | 2,768.4 | 2.0467 | 6.6610 |
| 8 | 901.33 | 175.42 | 0.0011213 | 0.21457 | 743.0 | 2,030.1 | 2,773.1 | 2.0950 | 6.6207 |
| 9 | 1,001.3 | 179.94 | 0.0011273 | 0.19410 | 762.9 | 2,014.2 | 2,777.2 | 2.1390 | 6.5845 |
| 10 | 1,101.3 | 184.12 | 0.0011331 | 0.17723 | 781.4 | 1,999.3 | 2,780.7 | 2.1794 | 6.5516 |
| 11 | 1,201.3 | 188.01 | 0.0011386 | 0.16308 | 798.7 | 1,985.1 | 2,783.8 | 2.2168 | 6.5213 |
| 12 | 1,301.3 | 191.66 | 0.0011439 | 0.15103 | 815.0 | 1,971.6 | 2,786.5 | 2.2516 | 6.4933 |
| 13 | 1,401.3 | 195.09 | 0.0011490 | 0.14064 | 830.3 | 1,958.6 | 2,788.9 | 2.2843 | 6.4672 |
| 14 | 1,501.3 | 198.34 | 0.0011539 | 0.13159 | 844.9 | 1,946.1 | 2,791.0 | 2.3151 | 6.4427 |
| 15 | 1,601.3 | 201.42 | 0.0011587 | 0.12363 | 858.8 | 1,934.1 | 2,792.9 | 2.3442 | 6.4197 |
| 16 | 1,701.3 | 204.35 | 0.0011634 | 0.11658 | 872.1 | 1,922.5 | 2,794.6 | 2.3718 | 6.3980 |
| 18 | 1,901.3 | 209.84 | 0.0011724 | 0.10463 | 897.0 | 1,900.3 | 2,797.3 | 2.4233 | 6.3577 |
| 20 | 2,101.3 | 214.90 | 0.0011811 | 0.094875 | 920.1 | 1,879.2 | 2,799.4 | 2.4704 | 6.3210 |
Saturated steam table by temperature (0.01 to 200 °C)
0.01 °C is the triple point of water. Steps are 5 °C up to 100 °C and 10 °C above. Pressures are absolute; the bold row is 100 °C.
| Temperature °C | Sat. pressure kPa | vf m³/kg | vg m³/kg | hf kJ/kg | hfg kJ/kg | hg kJ/kg | sf kJ/(kg·K) | sg kJ/(kg·K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | 0.61166 | 0.0010002 | 206.00 | 0.0 | 2,500.9 | 2,500.9 | 0.0000 | 9.1555 |
| 5 | 0.87257 | 0.0010001 | 147.02 | 21.0 | 2,489.1 | 2,510.1 | 0.0763 | 9.0249 |
| 10 | 1.2282 | 0.0010003 | 106.31 | 42.0 | 2,477.2 | 2,519.2 | 0.1511 | 8.8998 |
| 15 | 1.7057 | 0.0010009 | 77.881 | 63.0 | 2,465.4 | 2,528.4 | 0.2245 | 8.7804 |
| 20 | 2.3392 | 0.0010018 | 57.761 | 83.9 | 2,453.5 | 2,537.5 | 0.2965 | 8.6661 |
| 25 | 3.1697 | 0.0010030 | 43.341 | 104.8 | 2,441.7 | 2,546.5 | 0.3673 | 8.5568 |
| 30 | 4.2467 | 0.0010044 | 32.882 | 125.7 | 2,429.8 | 2,555.6 | 0.4368 | 8.4521 |
| 35 | 5.6286 | 0.0010060 | 25.208 | 146.6 | 2,417.9 | 2,564.6 | 0.5052 | 8.3518 |
| 40 | 7.3844 | 0.0010079 | 19.517 | 167.5 | 2,406.0 | 2,573.5 | 0.5724 | 8.2557 |
| 45 | 9.5944 | 0.0010099 | 15.253 | 188.4 | 2,394.0 | 2,582.5 | 0.6386 | 8.1634 |
| 50 | 12.351 | 0.0010121 | 12.028 | 209.3 | 2,382.0 | 2,591.3 | 0.7038 | 8.0749 |
| 55 | 15.761 | 0.0010145 | 9.5649 | 230.2 | 2,369.9 | 2,600.1 | 0.7680 | 7.9899 |
| 60 | 19.946 | 0.0010171 | 7.6677 | 251.2 | 2,357.7 | 2,608.8 | 0.8312 | 7.9082 |
| 65 | 25.041 | 0.0010199 | 6.1938 | 272.1 | 2,345.4 | 2,617.5 | 0.8935 | 7.8296 |
| 70 | 31.201 | 0.0010228 | 5.0397 | 293.0 | 2,333.1 | 2,626.1 | 0.9550 | 7.7540 |
| 75 | 38.595 | 0.0010258 | 4.1291 | 314.0 | 2,320.6 | 2,634.6 | 1.0156 | 7.6812 |
| 80 | 47.415 | 0.0010290 | 3.4053 | 334.9 | 2,308.1 | 2,643.0 | 1.0754 | 7.6110 |
| 85 | 57.867 | 0.0010324 | 2.8259 | 355.9 | 2,295.4 | 2,651.3 | 1.1344 | 7.5434 |
| 90 | 70.182 | 0.0010359 | 2.3591 | 377.0 | 2,282.6 | 2,659.5 | 1.1927 | 7.4781 |
| 95 | 84.609 | 0.0010396 | 1.9806 | 398.0 | 2,269.6 | 2,667.6 | 1.2502 | 7.4150 |
| 100 | 101.42 | 0.0010435 | 1.6719 | 419.1 | 2,256.5 | 2,675.6 | 1.3070 | 7.3541 |
| 110 | 143.38 | 0.0010516 | 1.2094 | 461.4 | 2,229.7 | 2,691.1 | 1.4187 | 7.2380 |
| 120 | 198.67 | 0.0010603 | 0.89130 | 503.8 | 2,202.1 | 2,705.9 | 1.5278 | 7.1291 |
| 130 | 270.26 | 0.0010697 | 0.66808 | 546.4 | 2,173.7 | 2,720.1 | 1.6346 | 7.0264 |
| 140 | 361.50 | 0.0010798 | 0.50852 | 589.2 | 2,144.2 | 2,733.4 | 1.7393 | 6.9293 |
| 150 | 476.10 | 0.0010905 | 0.39250 | 632.3 | 2,113.7 | 2,745.9 | 1.8420 | 6.8370 |
| 160 | 618.14 | 0.0011020 | 0.30682 | 675.6 | 2,081.9 | 2,757.4 | 1.9428 | 6.7491 |
| 170 | 792.05 | 0.0011143 | 0.24262 | 719.2 | 2,048.7 | 2,767.9 | 2.0419 | 6.6649 |
| 180 | 1,002.6 | 0.0011274 | 0.19386 | 763.2 | 2,014.0 | 2,777.2 | 2.1395 | 6.5841 |
| 190 | 1,255.0 | 0.0011414 | 0.15638 | 807.6 | 1,977.7 | 2,785.3 | 2.2358 | 6.5060 |
| 200 | 1,554.7 | 0.0011565 | 0.12722 | 852.4 | 1,939.7 | 2,792.1 | 2.3308 | 6.4303 |
Verification: comparison with published values
The verification values printed in the IAPWS-IF97 release and values from a textbook saturated steam table are set beside the values this page calculates. The textbook table is based on IAPWS-95, so it differs from IF97 by about 0.02 %. If any value falls outside its tolerance, this page is not built (the build fails).
| Item | Published value | Calculator value | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| T = 300 K | |||
| p_sat | 3.53658941 kPa | 3.536589413 kPa | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| T = 500 K | |||
| p_sat | 2,638.89776 kPa | 2,638.897756 kPa | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| p = 1 MPa | |||
| T_sat | 453.035632 K | 453.0356324 K | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| γ₁: T = 300 K, p = 3 MPa | |||
| v | 0.00100215168 m³/kg | 0.0010021517 m³/kg | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| h | 115.331273 kJ/kg | 115.3312730 kJ/kg | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| s | 0.392294792 kJ/(kg·K) | 0.3922947924 kJ/(kg·K) | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| γ₂: T = 300 K, p = 0.0035 MPa | |||
| v | 39.4913866 m³/kg | 39.49138664 m³/kg | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| h | 2,549.91145 kJ/kg | 2,549.911451 kJ/kg | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| s | 8.52238967 kJ/(kg·K) | 8.522389667 kJ/(kg·K) | IAPWS R7-97(2012) computer-program verification values |
| T = 100 °C | |||
| p_sat | 101.42 kPa | 101.418 kPa | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| h_fg | 2,256.4 kJ/kg | 2,256.47 kJ/kg | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| h_g | 2,675.6 kJ/kg | 2,675.57 kJ/kg | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| s_g | 7.3542 kJ/(kg·K) | 7.35408 kJ/(kg·K) | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| T = 180 °C | |||
| p_sat | 1,002.8 kPa | 1,002.63 kPa | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| v_g | 0.19384 m³/kg | 0.193862 m³/kg | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| h_g | 2,777.2 kJ/kg | 2,777.22 kJ/kg | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| p = 1,000 kPa | |||
| T_sat | 179.88 °C | 179.886 °C | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| h_fg | 2,014.6 kJ/kg | 2,014.44 kJ/kg | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
| h_g | 2,777.1 kJ/kg | 2,777.12 kJ/kg | Çengel and Boles, "Thermodynamics", saturated steam tables (Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5) |
Calculation basis
Values are calculated directly with IAPWS-IF97, the international industrial standard. Saturation pressure and temperature come from the region 4 equations; saturated liquid and vapor come from the region 1 and region 2 Gibbs free energy equations evaluated at (T_sat, p_sat). Coefficients are taken unchanged from the IAPWS release tables.
| Item | Equation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Absolute pressure | p_abs = p_g + 101.325 kPa | For gauge pressure, adds standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa |
| Saturation pressure | p_sat = [2C / (−B + √(B² − 4AC))]⁴ | Region 4, eq. (30). θ = T + n₉/(T − n₁₀); A, B, C are quadratics in θ |
| Saturation temperature | T_sat = [n₁₀ + D − √((n₁₀ + D)² − 4(n₉ + n₁₀D))] / 2 | Region 4, eq. (31). Exact inverse of eq. (30), β = p^0.25 |
| Saturated liquid (region 1) | γ₁ = Σ nᵢ (7.1 − π)^Iᵢ (τ − 1.222)^Jᵢ | Eq. (7). π = p / 16.53 MPa, τ = 1386 K / T, 34 coefficients |
| Saturated vapor (region 2) | γ₂ = ln π + Σ n°ᵢ τ^J°ᵢ + Σ nᵢ π^Iᵢ (τ − 0.5)^Jᵢ | Eq. (15). π = p / 1 MPa, τ = 540 K / T, 9 ideal-gas and 43 residual coefficients |
| Specific volume, enthalpy, entropy | v = π γ_π RT/p, h = τ γ_τ RT, s = R(τ γ_τ − γ) | Partial derivatives of γ in π and τ, R = 0.461526 kJ/(kg·K) |
| Evaporation | h_fg = h_g − h_f, s_fg = s_g − s_f | Latent heat and entropy of evaporation |
Range and reference state
The range runs from the triple point of water, 0.01 °C (0.6117 kPa), to 350 °C (16.53 MPa). IF97 regions 1 and 2 end at 350 °C (623.15 K), so region 3 above it, up to the critical point at 373.946 °C, is not covered. All HVAC and steam plant pressures fall inside this range.
Enthalpy and entropy are zero for the internal energy and entropy of saturated liquid at the triple point. That is why h_f of saturated liquid at 0.01 °C is 0.0006 kJ/kg rather than 0. Last digits can differ from textbook tables (IAPWS-95) because of the difference between the two formulations (about 0.02 % in saturation pressure) and rounding.
The steam pipe and condensate line calculators interpolate a pressure table precomputed from the same IF97 values. The two agree within 0.005 %, which is identical at the digits shown.
Sources
- IAPWS R7-97(2012), Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam
- W. Wagner, H.-J. Kretzschmar, International Steam Tables, 2nd ed., Springer, 2008
- Y. A. Çengel, M. A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, Tables A-4, A-5
Frequently asked questions
How do I find the saturation temperature and latent heat for a given pressure?
Choose "Pressure" in the calculator above and enter the value, gauge or absolute, and the unit. For example, 7 bar(G) (8.013 bar absolute) gives a saturation temperature of 170.5 °C and a latent heat h_fg of 2,047 kJ/kg. The pressure table shows the same values.
Should I look up gauge or absolute pressure?
Steam table pressures are absolute. A site pressure gauge reads gauge pressure, so atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa (1.013 bar), must be added. Choosing "Gauge" in this calculator adds it for you. 0 bar(G) is 101.325 kPa absolute, with a saturation temperature of 99.97 °C.
Why does latent heat fall as pressure rises?
As pressure rises, saturated liquid enthalpy h_f grows quickly while saturated vapor enthalpy h_g hardly changes, so their difference h_fg falls. h_fg is about 2,257 kJ/kg at 0 bar(G) and about 1,999 kJ/kg at 10 bar(G). That is why a little more high-pressure steam is needed for the same heat output.
Can I look up superheated steam too?
No. This page covers the saturated state only (saturated liquid and saturated vapor). Superheated steam tables, compressed (subcooled) water and the Mollier chart are not covered.
Last updated 2026-11-01.